Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, the utmost aim is reliably producing high quality products. Simulation approaches allow virtual experiments of processes in planning phase and implementation digital twins operation. The industrial processing active ingredients (APIs) into tablets requires combination discrete continuous sub-processes with complex interdependencies regarding material structures characteristics. API excipients are mixed, granulated if required, subsequently tableted. Thereby, structure as well properties intermediate final product influenced by raw materials, parametrized environmental conditions, which subject to certain fluctuations. this study, for first time, an agent-based simulation model presented, enables prediction, tracking, tracing resulting intermediates tableting process. Therefore, methodology identification development process agents shown. Implemented physical models describe impact parameters on structures. tablet production a pilot scale rotary press experimentally characterized provide calibration validation data. Finally, results, predicting structures, compared experimental